Lightning Web Components (LWC) are built using standard Custom Elements, Shadow DOM, and modern JavaScript. LWC communicates with Apex controllers using `@wire` reactive adapters or imperative Apex method calls.
javascript
import { LightningElement, wire } from 'lwc';
import getAccounts from '@salesforce/apex/AccountController.getAccounts';
export default class AccountList extends LightningElement {
@wire(getAccounts) accounts;
}