Fabric is the new rendering system replacing the old bridge-based UIManager, building the shadow tree in C++ shared across platforms and enabling synchronous layout measurements when needed.
// Enabling the new architecture (example, varies by RN version) // android/gradle.properties newArchEnabled=true
TurboModules lazily load native modules only when first accessed (instead of eagerly at startup), improving cold-start time for apps with many native dependencies — relevant for wallet apps bundling multiple chain SDKs.
Together, Fabric + TurboModules + JSI form what's often just called "the new architecture," aiming to remove the async bridge as the sole communication path between JS and native.