Beyond f-strings, `.format()` and `%`-formatting exist for legacy code, but f-strings are preferred for new code.
python
addr = "0x" + "ab" * 2
parts = "a,b,c".split(",") # ["a", "b", "c"]
",".join(["a", "b", "c"]) # "a,b,c"
int("ff", 16) # 255, parse hex
hex(255) # "0xff"
f"{3.14159:.2f}" # "3.14"`str.strip()`, `.lstrip()`, `.rstrip()` remove whitespace (or given characters) from ends, useful for cleaning user input before validation.