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Foundations · easy

1. What Node.js is

A JavaScript runtime built on V8 for running JS outside the browser.

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Node.js takes the V8 engine (the same one that powers Chrome) and adds APIs for files, networking, processes and more, so JavaScript can run as a server or CLI tool instead of only inside a browser tab.

Because it has no DOM, Node exposes its own globals: `process`, `Buffer`, `__dirname`/`__filename` (in CommonJS), and module systems (`require`/`module.exports` or ESM `import`/`export`).

js
console.log(process.version);
console.log(typeof window); // "undefined" — no browser globals

Node is single-threaded for your JS code but delegates I/O (disk, network, DNS) to a libuv thread pool and the OS, which is why it can serve many concurrent connections without spawning a thread per request. This makes it a natural fit for building the backend services — indexers, APIs, RPC proxies — that sit behind a dApp.

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Check your understanding

  1. 1. What engine does Node.js embed?

  2. 2. Why can Node handle many concurrent connections on one thread?

  3. 3. Which global does NOT exist in a browser but does in Node?

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