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Firmware · hard

4. Embedded Systems & Firmware Architecture

Bootloaders (U-Boot), Linux OpenWrt, RTOS, and hardware buses.

1 min read2 questionsup to 50 XPtopic 4/4

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- Hardware Buses: UART (serial debugging), SPI (high-speed flash memory), I2C (two-wire sensors). - Firmware Stack: ROM bootloader -> Secondary Program Loader (U-Boot) -> Device Tree (.dtb) -> Linux Kernel (OpenWrt) or FreeRTOS. - Security: Hardware Root of Trust, Secure Boot (cryptographic signature verification of flash memory), and A/B partition OTA updates.

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Check your understanding

  1. 1. What hardware protocol uses two wires (SDA and SCL) for board-level sensor communication?

  2. 2. Why do production embedded Linux firmware architectures use dual A/B rootfs partitions?

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