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1. RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)

Deterministic resource management via constructors and destructors.

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RAII binds resource lifecycles (memory, sockets, mutexes) to object lifetimes. When an object goes out of scope on the stack, its destructor runs deterministically, freeing resources without manual cleanup.

cpp
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>

void process() {
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); // Acquired
    auto data = std::make_unique<Buffer>(); // Heap allocated
} // Mutex unlocked and buffer freed automatically

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Check your understanding

1. What does the RAII idiom guarantee in C++?
Resources are freed automatically when the encapsulating object goes out of scopeGarbage collection runs every minuteAll variables are globalCode compiles without pointers
2. Which standard smart pointer represents unique, non-copyable ownership?
std::unique_ptrstd::shared_ptrstd::weak_ptrstd::auto_ptr

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